The Balance Between Spirituality and Materialism
admin2022-08-31T19:47:24+00:00
الحمد لله نحمده ونستعينه ونستغفره، ونعوذ بالله تعالى من شرور أنفسنا، وسيئات أعمالنا، وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له، وأشهد أن محمداً عبده ورسوله، اللهم صلِّ وسلم وبارك على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه ومن تبعه إلى يوم الدين
My topic today inshallah will be on Islamic perspective on the importance of the balance between spirituality and materialism. This subject is important because there are many religious groups who argue that spirituality makes us oblivious to the luxuries of the body and materialism makes us neglect the spirit. Therefore, it Is not possible to blend both, spirituality and materialism, in our lives?
But Islam makes the balance between spirituality and materialism an essential element to ensure that Muslims are the middle ground nation as Allah described them by saying:
وَكَذَٲلِكَ جَعَلۡنَـٰكُمۡ أُمَّةً۬ وَسَطً۬ا لِّتَڪُونُواْ شُہَدَآءَ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ ٱلرَّسُولُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ شَهِيدً۬اۗ
Thus, We made you a moderate (justly balanced) nation so that you would be witnesses against the people, and the Messenger would be a witness against you. (Al-Baqara 2:143)
Thus, for attaining the Ultimate goal of human life and remaining on the straight path, we need to adopt both spirituality for nourishing the soul and materialism for taking care of the body.
What is the difference between a spiritual and a materialistic person?” the simple answer may be:
The materialistic person earns only his food but he begs others for joy, peace, for love.
A spiritual person earns his love, peace, and joy but he begs others for his food.
A Muslim who balances spirituality and materialism is self-sufficient, he does not beg anyone.
Before addressing the subject, let me raise three questions because they may help us find the answer regarding the importance of balancing spirituality and materialism in the Quran.
We note that after Al-Fatiha, the first 4 surah in the Quran, Al-Baqara, Al-Imran, Al-Nisa and Al-Maeda, were revealed in Madina after the migration (Hijra) while the first surah that was revealed in Mecca, before the Hijra is Surah Al-An’am which is the sixth Surah.
The raises the question: Why the Quran is organized the way it is and not according to the sequence of its revelation?
The general consensus that the first verses that were revealed to the Prophet (PBUH) are in Surat Al-Alaq which is number 96 that read:
ٱقۡرَأۡ بِٱسۡمِ رَبِّكَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ (١) خَلَقَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مِنۡ عَلَقٍ (٢) ٱقۡرَأۡ وَرَبُّكَ ٱلۡأَكۡرَمُ (٣) ٱلَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِٱلۡقَلَمِ (٤) عَلَّمَ ٱلۡإِنسَـٰنَ مَا لَمۡ يَعۡلَمۡ (العلق:1-5)
“Read! In the Name of your Lord, Who has created (all that exists), (1) He has created man from a clinging clot (2) Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, (3) Who taught by the pen. (4) He taught man what he did not know.” (Al-Alaq 96:1-5)
Also, the general consensus that the last verse that was revelaed to the Prophet (PBUH) is verse 281 in Surat Al-Baqara which is the number 2 and it reads:
وَٱتَّقُواْ يَوۡمً۬ا تُرۡجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى ٱللَّهِۖ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفۡسٍ۬ مَّا ڪَسَبَتۡ وَهُمۡ لَا يُظۡلَمُونَ
And guard yourselves against a day in which you will be brought back to Allah. Then every soul will be paid in full that which it has earned, and they will not be wronged. (Al-Baqara 2:281)
A second question may be why each Surah addresses many topics and these topics seem unconnected and there appears to be repetitions of the same topic in several Surahs?
A third question is why the name of the Surah is selected based on one specific account or even one specific word while the Surah includes several other accounts.
To address these questions as well others, we need to realize that every Surah in the Quran has a dominant theme and identifying this theme helps us in recognizing the basis for the sequence of the different chapters (Surat) and understanding the connection between the different verses and the link between the different topics of each Surat.
As examples
The theme of Surah Al-Baqara is identifying the responsibility of man on earth as its guardian (الإستخلاف في الأرض) and providing the main commands that Allah wanted us to follow to fulfill this responsibility.
The theme of Surah Al-Imran is the importance of perseverance on the path of Allah and it identifies two main reasons why people deviate from the path of Allah and these are: confusion in understanding and temptations by materialistic attractions. The surah provides strategies on how to overcome these two deviations.
The theme of Surat An-Nisa is the call for justice and mercy, especially for the vulnerable and weak in the society. The Surat gives special emphasis on the rights of women, orphans, slaves, servants and young heirs.
The theme of Surat Al-Maeda is the obligation of fulfilling personal pledges, and honoring contracts, treaties, agreements and obligations.
The theme of Surat Al-An’am is monotheism (توحيد الله) and the rejection of all forms of polytheism (الشرك). The concept of monotheism is repeated in 49 different ayahs out of the total of 169 ayats.
When we study Surat Al-Hadeed which was revelaed in Madina with note that its theme is the importance of achieving a balance between spirituality and materialism (التوازن بين المادية والروحانية). Surat Al-Hadeed which is Iron is number 57 and it includes 29 verses.
The central verse in the Surat is verse 25 that demonstrates the importance of achieving balance between spirituality by reference to the revelations and materialism by reference to the iron. The verse emphasizes that both are required to ensure justice in this world.
لَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا رُسُلَنَا بِٱلۡبَيِّنَـٰتِ وَأَنزَلۡنَا مَعَهُمُ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلۡمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ ٱلنَّاسُ بِٱلۡقِسۡطِۖ وَأَنزَلۡنَا ٱلۡحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأۡسٌ۬ شَدِيدٌ۬ وَمَنَـٰفِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعۡلَمَ ٱللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ ۥ وَرُسُلَهُ ۥ بِٱلۡغَيۡبِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَوِىٌّ عَزِيزٌ۬ (٢٥)
“We have indeed sent Our Messengers with clear proofs and we sent down with them the Book and the Balance (justice) so that people may stand up for justice. And We sent down the iron in which there is mighty power, and benefits for mankind, so that Allah knows who supports Him and His Messengers without seeing (Him). Indeed, Allah is All-Strong, All-Mighty.” (Al-Hadeed 57:25)
Allah specifically mentions iron because iron plays a key role in gaining economic and political power. Iron is the most important of all metals, as it is used to produce different types of steels. Iron is also an essential element for all forms of life. Although iron comprises a very small percentage of the body’s mass (approximately 6 gm for a 160-lb (75-kg) adult male), it is necessary for our survival because iron is vital to the function of hemoglobin, a protein needed to transport oxygen in the blood.
By stressing the importance of balancing the spiritual and materialistic sides, Allah is informing us that supporting His religion requires both the revelation and the technological advances. Obviously technological advances require financial resources and thus the Surat emphasizes the importance of materialistic strength to fight in defense of this religion and the materialistic wealth to spend in supporting this religion and in return one will receive great rewards with an expected greater reward for those who achieve this strength at the time of weakness, Allah says:
وَمَا لَكُمۡ أَلَّا تُنفِقُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَٲثُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ لَا يَسۡتَوِى مِنكُم مَّنۡ أَنفَقَ مِن قَبۡلِ ٱلۡفَتۡحِ وَقَـٰتَلَۚ أُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ أَعۡظَمُ دَرَجَةً۬ مِّنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنفَقُواْ مِنۢ بَعۡدُ وَقَـٰتَلُواْۚ وَكُلاًّ۬ وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ۬ )
And what is the matter with you that you do not spend in the Cause of Allah? And to Allah belongs the inheritance of the heavens and the earth.
Not equal among you are those who spent and fought before the victory (at Makkah) with those among you who did so later. Such are higher in degree than those who spent and fought afterwards. But to all, Allah has promised the best (reward). And Allah is All-Aware of what you do. (Al-Hadeed 57:10)
To assure us that we will receive the rewards, Allah introduces Himself and explains how He governs the universe with amazing balance. Allah says:
سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ وَهُوَ ٱلۡعَزِيزُ ٱلۡحَكِيمُ (١)
All that is in the heavens and earth exalts Allah, and He is the Mighty, the Wise. (Al-Hadeed 57:1)
When we read this verse and Allah is saying to us that everything in heaven and earth sings His glory, what thought comes to your mind?
- Do we consider that this is just a piece of information that Allah is telling us about something of the unseen or
- Do we ask yourself whether Allah is giving us a special message that requires action form our side?
The verse is informing us that everything in the universe has language and that they know Allah and praise Him and this should change our behavior in two ways: .
- knowing that everything is glorifying Allah should make us think that we should treat everything around us with respect and humility.
- Since everything in the universe is glorifying Allah, how about us, shouldn’t we be like them and also glorify Him.
In the verses that follow, Allah reminds us of who is He to ensure that we should glorify Him as the other creations do all the time. Allah introduces Himself by saying:
لَهُ ۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۖ يُحۡىِۦ وَيُمِيتُۖ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ (٢) هُوَ ٱلۡأَوَّلُ وَٱلۡأَخِرُ وَٱلظَّـٰهِرُ وَٱلۡبَاطِنُۖ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَىۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ (٣
His is the dominion of the heavens and earth. He gives life and causes death, and He is able to do all things. (2) He is the First and the Last, and the Outward (manifest) and the inward (hidden), and He is knower of everything. (57:2-3)
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ فِى سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ۬ ثُمَّ ٱسۡتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلۡعَرۡشِۚ يَعۡلَمُ مَا يَلِجُ فِى ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَمَا يَخۡرُجُ مِنۡہَا وَمَا يَنزِلُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَمَا يَعۡرُجُ فِيہَاۖ وَهُوَ مَعَكُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ۬ (٤)
He is One Who created the heavens and the earth in six Days; then He befittingly settled on the Throne. He knows what goes into the earth and what comes out from it, and whatever descends from heaven and what ascends to it, And He is with you wherever you may be. And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do.” (57: 4).
لَّهُ ۥ مُلۡكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرۡجَعُ ٱلۡأُمُورُ (٥)
To Him is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth. And to Allah all matters return (for judgment). (57:5)
يُولِجُ ٱلَّيۡلَ فِى ٱلنَّہَارِ وَيُولِجُ ٱلنَّہَارَ فِى ٱلَّيۡلِۚ وَهُوَ عَلِيمُۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ (٦)
“He merges Night into Day, and He merges Day into Night, and He has full knowledge of all that harbors in the chests.” (57:6).
After Allah introduces Himself and informs us that all things belong to Him, Allah tests our commitment to see who is still doubt that Allah controls all things:
ءَامِنُواْ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَأَنفِقُواْ مِمَّا جَعَلَكُم مُّسۡتَخۡلَفِينَ فِيهِۖ فَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنكُمۡ وَأَنفَقُواْ لَهُمۡ أَجۡرٌ۬ كَبِيرٌ۬ (٧)
Believe in Allah and His Messenger, and spend of that over which He has made you trustees. And as for those of you who have believed and spent, there is a great reward. (57:7)
The linkage between belief and spending is emphasized in this verse and in many other verses in the Quran. The Prophet (PBUH) said: (الصَّدقة برهان), the charity is the proof of your belief.
Knowing that many of us cannot get it in the first time, Allah repeats the command and re-emphasizes the reward:
وَمَا لَكُمۡ أَلَّا تُنفِقُواْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِلَّهِ مِيرَٲثُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ (١٠)
And what is the matter with you that you do not spend in the Cause of Allah? And to Allah belongs the inheritance of the heavens and the earth. (Al-Hadeed 57:10)
Because there are still those who are holding back and do not want to spend, Allah tells them to consider the spending as loan to Him, even though He is the one who provided the money to be spent:
مَّن ذَا ٱلَّذِى يُقۡرِضُ ٱللَّهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنً۬ا فَيُضَـٰعِفَهُ ۥ لَهُ ۥ وَلَهُ ۥۤ أَجۡرٌ۬ كَرِيمٌ۬ (١١)
Who is he that will lend Allah a goodly loan, then (Allah) will multiply it for him manifolds, and he will have (besides) a gracious reward.” (Al- Hadeed 57:11)
After Allah reminded us of who is He and what He wants from us, He addresses us in verse 16 in a way that should move even the cruelest heart:
أَلَمۡ يَأۡنِ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَن تَخۡشَعَ قُلُوبُہُمۡ لِذِڪۡرِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُواْ كَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ مِن قَبۡلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيۡہِمُ ٱلۡأَمَدُ فَقَسَتۡ قُلُوبُہُمۡۖ وَكَثِيرٌ۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ فَـٰسِقُونَ (١٦)
Has the time not yet come for those who believe, that their hearts should be humble at the remembrance of Allah and the truth that has sent down, and not become like those who were given the Book before but a long time passed over them (still they did nor repent) so their hearts became hardened? And many of them are transgressors. “(Al-Hadeed 57:16)
In the following ayah, Allah give a parable to teach us a lesson not to give up on those who received the book before us and their hearts are hardened:
ٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحۡىِ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ بَعۡدَ مَوۡتِہَاۚ قَدۡ بَيَّنَّا لَكُمُ ٱلۡأَيَـٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ (١٧)
“Know that Allah gives life to the earth after its death. Surely, We have shown you the signs, that you may reflect.” (57:17)
The ayah wants to say that Allah (SWT) who can bring the dead barren soil to life with rain can also bring the cruelest hearts to the path of submission by Dhikr (the remembering of Allah), therefore, you should never give up on anyone.
The Surat moves to discuss the example of a group of believers whose soft heart made them deviate from the way of Allah by doing something Allah does not demand. Their violation resulted from their excessive spirituality and abandoning the materialistic world. Allah (SWT) describes them as,
ثُمَّ قَفَّيۡنَا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَـٰرِهِم بِرُسُلِنَا وَقَفَّيۡنَا بِعِيسَى ٱبۡنِ مَرۡيَمَ وَءَاتَيۡنَـٰهُ ٱلۡإِنجِيلَ وَجَعَلۡنَا فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱتَّبَعُوهُ رَأۡفَةً۬ وَرَحۡمَةً۬
وَرَهۡبَانِيَّةً ٱبۡتَدَعُوهَا مَا كَتَبۡنَـٰهَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ إِلَّا ٱبۡتِغَآءَ رِضۡوَٲنِ ٱللَّهِ فَمَا رَعَوۡهَا حَقَّ رِعَايَتِهَاۖ فَـَٔاتَيۡنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ مِنۡہُمۡ أَجۡرَهُمۡۖ وَكَثِيرٌ۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ فَـٰسِقُونَ (٢٧)
“Then We made Our messengers follow them one after the other, then We sent after them ‘Isa, the son of Maryam (Jesus, son of Mary), and gave him the Injil, and placed compassion and mercy in the hearts of his followers.
But, as for monasticism which they invented; We did not prescribe it for them, but (they adopted it) to seek Allah’s pleasure, but they could not observe it as it should be observed. So, We gave the believers from among them their reward., but many of them are sinners.” (Al-Hadeed 57:27).
The surat ends by giving glad tiding to the believers who are able to balance their lives between materialism and spirituality.
يَـٰٓأَيُّہَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَءَامِنُواْ بِرَسُولِهِۦ يُؤۡتِكُمۡ كِفۡلَيۡنِ مِن رَّحۡمَتِهِۦ وَيَجۡعَل لَّڪُمۡ نُورً۬ا تَمۡشُونَ بِهِۦ وَيَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٌ۬ رَّحِيمٌ۬ (٢٨)
“O you that believe! Have Taqwa of Allah, and believe in His Messenger, and He will grant you a double portion of His Mercy and moreover He will provide for you a light by which you shall walk (straight in your path)” (57:28).
For a true believer, Allah promised that He will grant him inner light, so he will see what others cannot see and will hear what others will not hear and thus all his decisions are sound because Allah is always with him. Thus, the ending of the Surat returns us back to its beginning in which Allah said:
وَهُوَ مَعَكُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡۚ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ۬
And He is with you wheresoever you may be. And Allah is the All-Seer of what you do. (Al-Hadeed 57:4)
END
As a side comment, let ask whether the location of the word Iron in the Quran is relevant?
The periodic table shows that iron has atomic number is 26 and atomic weight is 56 gm/mol.
The Atomic number of 26 is the number of protons in the iron atom’s nucleus and it is also equal to the number of electrons.
The Atomic Weight of 56 is the total weight of an atom. It is approximately equal to the number of protons and neutrons. Iron atom contains 26 protons and 30 neutrons.
As it is now in the printed Quran that we have, the word Iron is in Ayat 25 in Surat 57. Is there possibility that it should be in Ayat 26 which is the atomic number for iron and in Surat 56 which is the atomic weight for iron.
This is possible if we can show that
- The Basmallah (بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ) is an Ayat and thus the word Iron will be in Ayat 26 which the atomic number of iron.
- The Fatiha is unique chapter in the Quran and it is as the preface or the executive summary of the Quran and thus will not be numbered. This will put the word Iron in Surat 56 which is atomic weight of Iron.
Regarding whether the Bismillah (بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ) is an Ayat and thus should be number 1 or it is not, there are differing opinions on this matter. First, it is an Ayat in the Fatiha or not.
Those who believe that it is an ayat in Al-Fatiha are: scholars such as Ibn Abbas, Ibn Umar, Abu Hurayrah, Ali, Ash-Shafii, Abddullah bin Al-Mubarak and one opinion of Imam Ahmad
Those who believe that it is not an ayat in Al-Fatiha are scholars such as Imam Malik, Abu Hanifah, and one opinion of Imam Ahmad.
The scholars who consider it as ayat in the Fatiha, are split regarding whether it is ayat in the other chapters. Some say, it is a verse in every Surah except in Surat al-Tauba (9), others say it is only an Ayat in the Fatiha but not in the other surah.
Would the presence of the word iron settles this debate by indicating the Al-Basmalah is an Ayat in all Surat except surat Al-Tauba.
The number of Surat Al Hadeed is 57 because we count the Fatiha as number 1. But if Al-Fatiha is considered as the preface or the executive summary of the Quran, it will not be numbered and the word Iron will be in Surat 56 which is atomic weight of Iron. This may be justified because Allah says:
وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَـٰكَ سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ ٱلۡعَظِيمَ (٨٧)
“We have given you the seven oft-repeated (verses) and the grand (glorious) Qur’an.” (Al-Hijr 15:87)
Those who consider (سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى) is the Fatiha and the chapters from Al-Baqara to Al-Nas are the Quran support their argument by the fact that Al-Fatiha has 7 verses and also by the saying of the Prophet (PBUH) who said:
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ، وَأُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَالسَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي
“Al-Hamdulillah is the mother of the Quran and the mother of the Quran is the seven repeated”. Al-Hamdulillah refers to Al-Fatiha.
This means that Al-Fatiha is unique chapter and it can be treated the preface, the abstract or the executive summary of the Book which is not numbered as the rest of the chapters because of its uniqueness.
However, there are other opinions regarding what are these (سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى). Some interpreters say that it refers to the Quran, and others say that it refers to the seven elements of the Quran.
Those who say (سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى) refers to the Quran, do not consider the letter (و) “waw” to imply addition but it is to link the adjective to the described object. They say that the phrase (سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى) is the Quran and the grand Quran (ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ ٱلۡعَظِيمَ) is an adjective for (سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى). They support their argument by the following verse:
حَـٰفِظُواْ عَلَى ٱلصَّلَوَٲتِ وَٱلصَّلَوٰةِ ٱلۡوُسۡطَىٰ وَ قُومُواْ لِلَّهِ قَـٰنِتِينَ (سورة البقرة(
Guard strictly the prayers and the middle prayer. And stand devoutly obedient before Allah. (Al-Baqra 2:238)
In this verse no one interpret the letter (و) “waw” between the prayers and the middle prayer to mean that the middle prayers is an addition to the prayers but it is just to put more emphasis on the middle prayer.
Those who suggest that (السبع المثاني) are the seven key elements of the Quran say the Quran focuses on the following seven elements: commands, prohibitions, warnings, threats, parables, blessing and news. (أمر ونهي، وتحذير وتوعد، وأمثال، ونعم وأنباء). The word (المثاني) is an adjective of the Quran whose seven key elements are repeated by reading them.
Would the presence of the word iron in surat Al-Hadeed settles this debate by indicating that (سَبۡعً۬ا مِّنَ ٱلۡمَثَانِى) is Al-Fatiha and its special identification suggest that it is should stand alone as executive summary of the Quran and this is not numbered as chapter 1.
This is just an intellectual exercise but Allah knows best.
We pray to Allah to keep us always in a state of Istiqamah by properly balancing our lives between materialism and spirituality and to make us of those who deserve to walk with the Light of Allah.
DUA
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